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## Solution for Programming Exercise 2.2

This page contains a sample solution to one of the exercises from Introduction to Programming Using Java.

### Exercise 2.2:

Write a program that simulates rolling a pair of dice. You can simulate rolling one die by choosing one of the integers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 at random. The number you pick represents the number on the die after it is rolled. As pointed out in Section 2.5, the expression

    (int)(Math.random()*6) + 1

does the computation to select a random integer between 1 and 6. You can assign this value to a variable to represent one of the dice that are being rolled. Do this twice and add the results together to get the total roll. Your program should report the number showing on each die as well as the total roll. For example:

    The first die comes up 3
    The second die comes up 5
    Your total roll is 8

Discussion

When designing a program, one of the first things you should ask yourself is, "What values do I need to represent?" The answer helps you decide what variables to declare in the program. This program will need some variables to represent the numbers showing on each die and the total of the two dice. Since these numbers are all integers, we can use three variables of type int. I'll call the variables die1, die2, and roll. The program begins by declaring the variables:

    int die1;
    int die2;
    int roll;

In the actual program, of course, I've added a comment to explain the purpose of each variable. The values of die1 and die2 can be computed using the expression given in the exercise:

    die1 = (int)(Math.random()*6) + 1;
    die2 = (int)(Math.random()*6) + 1;

Note that even though the expressions on the right-hand sides of these assignment statements are the same, the values can be different because the function Math.random() can return different values when it is called twice.

We can then compute roll = die1 + die2 and use three System.out.println statements to display the three lines of output:

    System.out.println("The first die comes up " + die1);
    System.out.println("The second die comes up " + die2);
    System.out.println("Your total roll is " + roll);

Note that I've chosen to use the concatenation operator, +, to append the value of die1 onto the string "The first die comes up". Alternatively, I could use two output statements:

    System.out.print("The first die comes up ");
    System.out.println(die1);

Yet another possibility is to use System.out.printf:

    System.out.printf("The first die comes up %d%n", die1);

I'll also note that I could get away without the variable roll, since I could output the value of the expression die1 + die2 directly:

    System.out.println("Your total roll is " + (die1 + die2));

However, it's generally better style to have a meaningful name for a quantity. By the way, the parentheses around (die1 + die2) are essential because of the precedence rules for the + operator. You might try to experiment with leaving them out and see what happens.

As a final variation, all three lines of output could be produced using a multiline text block. Text blocks were discussed in Subsection 2.3.4. Using a text block also requires System.out.printf:

    System.out.printf("""
        The first die comes up %d
        The second die comes up %d
        Your total roll is %d
        """, die1, die2, roll);

The Solution

    public class RollTheDice {

        /*  This program simulates rolling a pair of dice.
            The number that comes up on each die is output,
            followed by the total of the two dice.
        */

        public static void main(String[] args) {

            int die1;   // The number on the first die.
            int die2;   // The number on the second die.
            int roll;   // The total roll (sum of the two dice).

            die1 = (int)(Math.random()*6) + 1;
            die2 = (int)(Math.random()*6) + 1;
            roll = die1 + die2;

            System.out.println("The first die comes up " + die1);
            System.out.println("The second die comes up " + die2);
            System.out.println("Your total roll is " + roll);

        }  // end main()

    }  // end class

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